[Rust] Implement custom data renderer API

Also adds an example plugin and misc rust fixes / documentation.

This is a continuation of https://github.com/Vector35/binaryninja-api/pull/6721

Co-authored-by: rbran <lgit@rubens.io>

4 files changed, 212 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/rust/plugin_examples/data_renderer/Cargo.toml b/rust/plugin_examples/data_renderer/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7ac32dfd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rust/plugin_examples/data_renderer/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+[package]
+name = "example_data_renderer"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2021"
+
+[lib]
+crate-type = ["cdylib"]
+
+[dependencies]
+binaryninjacore-sys = { path = "../../binaryninjacore-sys" }
+binaryninja = { path = "../.." }
+uuid = "1.18.1"
+log = "0.4.27"
diff --git a/rust/plugin_examples/data_renderer/README.md b/rust/plugin_examples/data_renderer/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..794b93b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rust/plugin_examples/data_renderer/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+# Data Renderer Example
+
+This example implements a simple data renderer for the Mach-O load command LC_UUID.
+You can try the renderer by loading the `/bin/cat` binary from macOS.
+
+We're implementing a functionality similar to the one described in the Python data renderer blog post: 
+https://binary.ninja/2024/04/08/customizing-data-display.html.
+
+## Building
+
+```sh
+# Build from the root directory (binaryninja-api)
+cargo build --manifest-path rust/plugin_examples/data_renderer/Cargo.toml
+# Link binary on macOS
+ln -sf $PWD/target/debug/libexample_data_renderer.dylib ~/Library/Application\ Support/Binary\ Ninja/plugins
+```
+
+## Result
+
+The following Mach-O load command be will be transformed from
+
+```c
+struct uuid __macho_load_command_[10] = 
+{
+    enum load_command_type_t cmd = LC_UUID
+    uint32_t cmdsize = 0x18
+    uint8_t uuid[0x10] = 
+    {
+        [0x0] =  0x74
+        [0x1] =  0xa0
+        [0x2] =  0x3a
+        [0x3] =  0xbd
+        [0x4] =  0x1e
+        [0x5] =  0x19
+        [0x6] =  0x32
+        [0x7] =  0x67
+        [0x8] =  0x9a
+        [0x9] =  0xdc
+        [0xa] =  0x42
+        [0xb] =  0x99
+        [0xc] =  0x4e
+        [0xd] =  0x26
+        [0xe] =  0xa2
+        [0xf] =  0xb7
+    }
+}
+```
+
+into the following representation
+
+```c
+struct uuid __macho_load_command_[10] = 
+{
+    enum load_command_type_t cmd = LC_UUID
+    uint32_t cmdsize = 0x18
+    uint8_t uuid[0x10] = UUID("74a03abd-1e19-3267-9adc-42994e26a2b7")
+}
+```
+
+You can compare the shown UUID with the output of otool:
+```sh
+otool -arch all -l /bin/cat
+```
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/rust/plugin_examples/data_renderer/build.rs b/rust/plugin_examples/data_renderer/build.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9006f16a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rust/plugin_examples/data_renderer/build.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+fn main() {
+    let link_path = std::env::var_os("DEP_BINARYNINJACORE_PATH")
+        .expect("DEP_BINARYNINJACORE_PATH not specified");
+
+    println!("cargo::rustc-link-lib=dylib=binaryninjacore");
+    println!("cargo::rustc-link-search={}", link_path.to_str().unwrap());
+
+    #[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
+    {
+        println!(
+            "cargo::rustc-link-arg=-Wl,-rpath,{0},-L{0}",
+            link_path.to_string_lossy()
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
+    {
+        let crate_name = std::env::var("CARGO_PKG_NAME").expect("CARGO_PKG_NAME not set");
+        let lib_name = crate_name.replace('-', "_");
+        println!(
+            "cargo::rustc-link-arg=-Wl,-install_name,@rpath/lib{}.dylib",
+            lib_name
+        );
+    }
+}
diff --git a/rust/plugin_examples/data_renderer/src/lib.rs b/rust/plugin_examples/data_renderer/src/lib.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..178402af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rust/plugin_examples/data_renderer/src/lib.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+use binaryninja::binary_view::{BinaryView, BinaryViewBase};
+use binaryninja::data_renderer::{
+    register_data_renderer, CustomDataRenderer, RegistrationType, TypeContext,
+};
+use binaryninja::disassembly::{
+    DisassemblyTextLine, InstructionTextToken, InstructionTextTokenKind,
+};
+use binaryninja::types::{Type, TypeClass};
+use uuid::Uuid;
+
+struct UuidDataRenderer {}
+
+impl CustomDataRenderer for UuidDataRenderer {
+    const REGISTRATION_TYPE: RegistrationType = RegistrationType::Specific;
+
+    fn is_valid_for_data(
+        &self,
+        _view: &BinaryView,
+        _addr: u64,
+        type_: &Type,
+        types: &[TypeContext],
+    ) -> bool {
+        // We only want to render arrays with a size of 16 elements
+        if type_.type_class() != TypeClass::ArrayTypeClass {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if type_.count() != 0x10 {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // The array elements must be of the type uint8_t
+        let Some(element_type_conf) = type_.element_type() else {
+            return false;
+        };
+        let element_type = element_type_conf.contents;
+        if element_type.type_class() != TypeClass::IntegerTypeClass {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if element_type.width() != 1 {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // The array should be embedded in a named type reference with the id macho:["uuid"]
+        for type_ctx in types {
+            if type_ctx.ty().type_class() != TypeClass::NamedTypeReferenceClass {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            let Some(name_ref) = type_ctx.ty().get_named_type_reference() else {
+                continue;
+            };
+
+            if name_ref.id() == "macho:[\"uuid\"]" {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        false
+    }
+
+    fn lines_for_data(
+        &self,
+        view: &BinaryView,
+        addr: u64,
+        _type_: &Type,
+        prefix: Vec<InstructionTextToken>,
+        _width: usize,
+        _types_ctx: &[TypeContext],
+        _language: &str,
+    ) -> Vec<DisassemblyTextLine> {
+        let mut tokens = prefix.clone();
+
+        let mut buf = [0u8; 0x10];
+        let bytes_read = view.read(&mut buf, addr);
+
+        // Make sure that we've read all UUID bytes and convert them to token
+        if bytes_read == 0x10 {
+            tokens.extend([
+                InstructionTextToken::new("UUID(\"", InstructionTextTokenKind::Text),
+                InstructionTextToken::new(
+                    Uuid::from_bytes(buf).to_string(),
+                    InstructionTextTokenKind::String { value: 0 },
+                ),
+                InstructionTextToken::new("\")", InstructionTextTokenKind::Text),
+            ]);
+        } else {
+            tokens.push(InstructionTextToken::new(
+                "error: cannot read 0x10 bytes",
+                InstructionTextTokenKind::Annotation,
+            ));
+        }
+
+        vec![DisassemblyTextLine::new_with_addr(tokens, addr)]
+    }
+}
+
+/// # Safety
+/// This function is called from Binary Ninja once to initialize the plugin.
+#[allow(non_snake_case)]
+#[unsafe(no_mangle)]
+pub unsafe extern "C" fn CorePluginInit() -> bool {
+    // Initialize logging
+    binaryninja::logger::Logger::new("UUID Data Renderer")
+        .with_level(log::LevelFilter::Debug)
+        .init();
+
+    // Register data renderer
+    register_data_renderer(UuidDataRenderer {});
+
+    true
+}